This work establishes a quantifiable, simulatable and intervenable digital human framework for aging research, delivering a systematic solution to assess biological age, resolve organ aging heterogeneity and identify actionable aging intervention targets.

The study reveals an unexpected proteolytic mechanism through which host antiviral defense responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

By analyzing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from more than 5,000 individuals across multiple disease categories, the investigators demonstrate how large-scale, unbiased proteomic profiling can contribute to improved diagnosis, disease staging and therapeutic target discovery in multiple sclerosis (MS).

This work delivers a transformative computational tool that directly advances Goal 1 of the π‑HuB White Paper: “Discover Principles of the Human Body,” specifically the aim of building the most complete picture of the proteome and its modifications.